DECIMAL Function (LibreOffice Calc)

Engineering Beginner LibreOffice Calc Introduced in LibreOffice 4.0
number-systems base-conversion encoding engineering parsing

The DECIMAL function converts a text representation of a number in any base (2–36) into its decimal (base‑10) numeric value. It is used in encoding, engineering, and arbitrary‑base conversions.

Compatibility

What the DECIMAL Function Does

  • Converts any base (2–36)decimal
  • Accepts text input (e.g., "FF", "1011", "7A3")
  • Supports negative values
  • Supports alphanumeric digits (A–Z = 10–35)
  • Ideal for encoding, engineering, and parsing arbitrary‑base data

Syntax

DECIMAL(text; radix)

Arguments

  • text:
    A string representing a number in the given base.

  • radix:
    The base of the input number (integer from 2 to 36).

Basic Examples

Binary → decimal

=DECIMAL("1011"; 2)
→ 11

Hex → decimal

=DECIMAL("FF"; 16)
→ 255

Octal → decimal

=DECIMAL("377"; 8)
→ 255

Base‑36 example

=DECIMAL("Z"; 36)
→ 35

Advanced Examples

Convert arbitrary alphanumeric codes

=DECIMAL("7A3"; 16)
→ 1955

Convert negative values

=DECIMAL("-1010"; 2)
→ -10

Convert a custom base‑32 identifier

=DECIMAL("1FQ"; 32)

Round‑trip with BASE()

=BASE(DECIMAL(A1; 16); 16)

Validate input before conversion

=IFERROR(DECIMAL(A1; B1); "Invalid")

Convert a whole column of encoded values

=ARRAYFORMULA(DECIMAL(A1:A20; 16))

Convert base‑5 to decimal

=DECIMAL("4312"; 5)

Edge Cases and Behavior Details

DECIMAL returns a number, not text

Valid radix range

  • Minimum: 2
  • Maximum: 36

Valid characters

  • Digits: 0–9
  • Letters: A–Z (case‑insensitive)
    • A = 10
    • B = 11
    • Z = 35

Behavior details

  • Leading/trailing spaces cause Err:502
  • Invalid characters cause Err:502
  • Negative values allowed
  • Text must match the radix (e.g., "9" invalid in base 8)

Common Errors and Fixes

Err:502 — Invalid argument

Cause:

  • Character not valid for the given base
  • Radix outside 2–36
  • Non‑text input
  • Empty string

Fix:

  • Validate characters
  • Ensure radix is between 2 and 36
  • Wrap with TEXT() if needed

Wrong output

Cause:

  • Misinterpreting letters (A–Z)
  • Leading spaces

Fix:

  • Use TRIM()
  • Confirm base mapping

Best Practices

  • Use DECIMAL for general base conversion, not just binary/hex/octal
  • Normalize input with TRIM()
  • Use BASE() for reverse conversion
  • Document radix assumptions in engineering models
  • Validate user input with IFERROR
DECIMAL is the universal base‑to‑decimal converter — it replaces dozens of specialized functions and gives you full control over arbitrary‑base data.

Related Patterns and Alternatives

  • BASE — decimal → any base
  • BIN2DEC / HEX2DEC / OCT2DEC — specialized converters
  • DEC2BIN / DEC2HEX / DEC2OCT — decimal → other bases
  • VALUE — convert numeric text to number
  • TEXT functions — cleaning and normalization

By mastering DECIMAL, you unlock full arbitrary‑base conversion capabilities in LibreOffice Calc.

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